Learning PHP: Using Branching to Create Program Logic

If you are an Informatics Engineering student, you will definitely not be familiar with branching.

Branching is the term for a branched program flow.

In flowcharts, we often draw program flow like this:

If we want to add branching, we will make it like this:

On this occasion, we will learn about branching to completion and make a few sample programs.

If branching

The simplest form of conversation is "If" only.

Usually used when there is only one action that must be done.

Form it like this:

<?php

if (<kondisi>){
    // eksekusi kode ini
}

If the condition is correct, then execute the code in it. <kondisi>we can fill with a boolean value or we foam create a statement to produce a booleanvalue .

Example:

<?php
$total_belanja = 150000;

if($total_belanja > 100000){
    echo "Anda dapat hadiah!";
}

The result:

Consider the example above!

Text Anda dapat hadiah!will only be displayed when the condition of the variable $total_belanjais above 100000. If below 100000, nothing will show.

The conditions used in the example are:

$total_belanja > 100000

This condition or statement will be valuable trueand false. If true(correct), then the code in it will be executed. However, if falseit does not execute it.

If / Else Branching

If / Else branching has two choices. If it is <kondisi>worth false, then another block will be done.

Example:

<?php

$umur = 13;

if ($umur < 18 ){
    echo "Kamu tidak boleh membuka situs ini!";
} else {
    echo "Selamat datang di website kami!";
}
?>

The result:

Now try changing the value $umurto 19:

<?php

$umur = 19;

if ($umur < 18 ){
    echo "Kamu tidak boleh membuka situs ini!";
} else {
    echo "Selamat datang di website kami!";
}
?>

The result:

If / Elseif / Else Branching

If / Elseif / Else branching has more than two conditions.

Example:

<?php

$nilai = 88;

if ($nilai > 90) {
    $grade = "A+";
} elseif($nilai > 80){
    $grade = "A";
} elseif($nilai > 70){
    $grade = "B+";
} elseif($nilai > 60){
    $grade = "B";
} elseif($nilai > 50){
    $grade = "C+";
} elseif($nilai > 40){
    $grade = "C";
} elseif($nilai > 30){
    $grade = "D";
} elseif($nilai > 20){
    $grade = "E";
} else {
    $grade = "F";
}

echo "Nilai anda: $nilai<br>";
echo "Grade: $grade";

?>

The result:

Try changing variables $nilaito 54and pay attention to the results!

Branching / Case Branching

Branching / Case branching is another form of If / Elseif / Else branching.

The writing format is like this:

<?php

switch($variabel){
    case <konidisi>:
        // eksekusi kode ini
        break;
    case <kondisi2>:
        // eksekusi kode ini
        break;
    default: 
        // eksekusi kode ini
}

?>

Example:

<?php 

$level = 3;

switch($level){
    case 1:
        echo "Pelajari HTML";
        break;
    case 2:
        echo "Pelajari CSS";
        break;
    case 3:
        echo "Pelajari Javascript";
        break;
    case 4:
        echo "Pelajari PHP";
        break;
    default:
        echo "Kamu bukan programmer!";
}
?>

There are 5 choices under the conditions above. Options defaultwill be selected if the variable value is $levelnot in the selection case.

The result:

Try changing the value of the variable $leveland pay attention to the results.

Branching with Ternary Operators

Branching using the ternary operator is a simple form of If / Else branching.

Format it like this:

<?php

<kondisi> ? benar : salah;

?>

Example:

<?php

$suka = true;

$suka ? echo "Aku juga suka kamu": echo "Baiklah!";

?>

Or it can also be made like this:

<?php

$suka = true;

echo $suka ? "Aku juga suka kamu": "Baiklah!";

?>

Meaning: if the variable is $sukavaluable truethen print "Aku juga suka kamu". But if it's worth false, then print "Baiklah!".

The result:

Nesting Branches

Nesting branching means there is a branching in nested .

Example:

<?php

$umur = 17;
$menikah = false;

if($umur > 18){
    if($menikah){
        echo "Selamat datang pak!";
    } else {
        echo "Selamat datang wahai pemuda!";
    }
} else {
    echo "Maaf website ini hanya untuk yang sudah berumur 18+";
}
?>

The result:

Reference: https://www.petanikode.com/php-percabangan/